The Juxtaposition Of Private Witt And First Sgt. Welsch

The juxtaposition of Private Witt and First Sgt. Welsch in The Thin Red Line by Terrence Malick is used to illustrate the two ways that a man can view the world, in the most basic sense. John Cottingham also discusses these two ways in his book Philosophy of Religion. Cottingham describes the two ways as the atheist, who cannot see past the â€Å"disorganized concatenation of contingent episodes† in his experiences, and fails to find transcendent meaning in his experience of nature (Cottingham 61). This describes Welsch’s worldview. He has experienced war and from that experience he has concluded that there is no vertical plane that can draw him up. There is only the darkness here and now, all we can do is try to survive as long as we can. However, there is another way of seeing things, the way of the theist, or Private Witt. According to Cottingham, the theist not only can, but must have a sense of joy, reverence, and thankfulness for the experiences we have, because t he theist can see the beauty, or as Witt would say, the glory, that shines through all things. The theist has a transfigured experience of reality. A theist encounters God in a profound way through his experience of nature, art, literature, and the like. The two views are strikingly different, and Mallick uses Witt and Welsch’s interactions, as well as nearly every other moment in the film, to illustrate the two manner of seeing the world. In their first interaction, Welsch spells out his beliefs about self

Vaccination Is The Act Of Receiving An Injection Of Either...

Vaccination, also known as immunization, is the act of receiving an injection of either prepared killed microorganisms, living attenuated organisms, or living fully virulent organisms that is administered to produce or increase immunity levels to a particular disease (CDC). Vaccines against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR), human papillomavirus (HPV), and influenza are three of the most controversial subjects in medicine. Over the last few years, there have been strong opinions concerning these vaccines, stirring up an international debate as to their efficacy, safety and reliability. Consequently, a plethora of parents are choosing not to vaccinate their children due to potential negative side effects. In this paper I investigate both sides of the vaccine debate, including the most popular arguments for and against vaccination. I include context for both sides incorporating the history behind immunization, Dr. Andrew Wakefield’s work and the recent SB 277 Bill. In the United States of America, children receive more vaccinations than any other developed country. It is recommended that 26 shots be received by the time a child reaches the age of one year old (CDC). In comparison, Sweden and Japan require only 12 vaccinations. In the 1960’s, there were several new immunizations introduced to the general public for protection against infectious diseases such as DPT, polio, measles, mumps and rubella. Today, vaccines have become far more commonplace, with many being fundedShow MoreRelatedLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagestelephone book, and the problem here is not that you used a telephone book instead of the Internet. High-quality reasoning is called logical reasoning or critical thinking. Logical reasoning skills can be learned and improved. It is not a case of Either youre naturally good at it or you’re not. Rather, every student is capable of reasoning well, and everyone is capable of improvement. The opposite of logical reasoning is uncritical thinking, examples of which are fuzzy thinking, believing what

Essay on Disingenuous Advertising in the American Food Industry free essay sample

Western consumers are amongst the most ignorant and not to mention, rash consumers on the planet. Sadly, American consumers are the poster children for such blind purchasing. How often do you see a quite rotund individual in line at a fast food restaurant, ordering up a triple-stacker bacon cheeseburger, a large fry, and a Diet Coke? Such a meal is no less a contributor to said individual’s slow culinary suicide, than the same order of food with a non-diet variety of soda. The problem is that we love to subliminally associate positive words with positive choices. Doing so causes us to feel better about the decisions we make, especially in the respect of food. This poses quite a serious problem; because the use of positive-word-association in food advertising, many Americans have succeeded in lulling themselves into a false sense of security without even knowing it. Just like the vast predominance of voters go to the polls and vote ignorantly, American consumers of food do the same in the products and brands that they decide to patronize. Despite all this, two conclusions must not be rashly drawn. One: the epidemic of obesity and consumer ignorance, while is largely to blame on the carelessness of consumers, is also partially due to food producers’ mega-capitalistic approach in marketing that has driven them to do literally anything within legal limits to promote their product(s) and ensure that the abovementioned goods are by and large able to deceive the majority of the American consumer base. Two: while one might be tempted to label the widespread deception in marketing as â€Å"false† advertising, this is almost never the case. Food companies (well, all companies, really) are bound by law to not make false claims about the product(s) they sell. So, to remove this barrier, culinary-consumerism based companies tell the one positive thing about their product in giant bold print on the front of their merchandise, while leaving the more undesirable facts printed on the back (or even better, the bottom) of their goods in miniscule print. The old saying, â€Å"The large print giveth, and the small print taketh away.† is of no greater truth than in this arena (except, of course, for labyrinthine legal documents, which I have found, generally consist exclusively of small print). Bags of potato chips, boxes of doughnuts, and packets of gum and breath mints, all proudly display claims such as: â€Å"NO TRANS FAT!† or â€Å"ONLY 120 calories per serving!† or â€Å"SUGAR FREE!† What these companies fail to mention up front is that while that box of Krispy Kremes ® is trans fat free, each Original Glazed ® doughnut inside packs in a hip widening and artery clogging 200 calories and 12 grams of fat. That bag of chips that claims to have only 120 calories per serving, doesn’t have a single calorie more; the catch is that a serving size is four chips, so by the time you’ve had your snack of say 25 chips or so, you’ve enjoyed 720 satisfying calories and enough sodium to last for 2 days. Oh, and what about that innocent pack of gum, you ask? Well, as you might have guessed by now, it is, in fact, completely sugar free, but veiled in the superfluity of multisyllabic words that comprise the ingredient list, is an ingredient that is above the suspicion of the average consumer: gum base. Well, thanks to woefully lax standards of identity (set, interestingly enough, by the USDA), the words â€Å"gum base† are allowed to mask the fact that the aforementioned component consists of multiple ingredients in and of itself. To list just a few: petroleum, lanolin, glycerin, polyethylene, polyvinyl acetate, petroleum wax, stearic acid, and latex (a possible allergen). Within this list we find even more confounding words, hidden in which are things such as crushed insects, animal fat-derived gelatin, and powder from marble and horse hooves to coat the gum and prevent if from sticking to its wrapper. This poses a serious problem for vegan consumers who could very easily unknowingly purchase products such as the latter and inadvertently be supporting the slaughter and use of animals. Regardless of dietary lifestyle, I feel that most individuals, if they knew what some of the foods they ate contained, would have a serious â€Å"ew factor† to deal with in any future consumption of such. What does all this say? Two things: One, American consumers are abysmally uneducated and apathetic about the ingredients/nutritional value of the majority of the foods they consume on a regular basis. Secondly, the government of this nation (and others as well), specifically the USDA needs to set higher standards for how food products can be advertised. Deceptive advertising is just as wrong as false advertising and should be put to a stop nationwide. ALL ingredients and the source of origin should be required on ALL food packaging made in the United States, of made internationally for consumption here. The USDA should necessitate listing of ALL SPECIFIC food allergens on food packaging as well as information regarding if the product in question is vegan, kosher, etc. This great nation has often found itself last in many arenas throughout history. Britain outlawed the slave trade in 1807, while it took us decades before we were able to. We are still the only nation in the Western civilized world without universal healthcare. We are sole country in the west that still uses the death penalty and, aside from Mexico, are still the only ones without full and equal rights for LGBTQA individuals. We need to embrace progressive change instead of succumbing to it. If we lead the way in the regulation of misleading advertisement in the food industry, other nations would follow in the domino effect that we have seen quite often throughout recent history.

Sigmund Freud Essay Example Essay Example

Sigmund Freud Essay Example Paper Sigmund Freud Essay Introduction After years of observation and the discovery of an alternate domain of human unconscious, the renowned psychologist Sigmund Freud decided to take a chance and appeared before medical professionals to tell them what he had discovered. He modestly revealed some facts that would continuously occur in his patients’ dreams and awaited his colleagues’ acceptance. This acceptance did not surface; rather Freud’s colleagues found extreme humor in his concepts and then labeled him as a crank. The words â€Å"dream interpreation,† a phrase coined by Freud are still met with skepticism. â€Å"They remind one of all sorts of childish, superstitious notions† and those who believe that these mental pictures have meaning are often met with an opposing view. (Freud Tridon, 1920, p. 2) Dreams and their relationship with mental functioning is a study that challenges professionals and the inability to thoroughly study these unconcious occurances has led many researche rs to deem them â€Å"random neuro activity.† (Franklin Zyphur, 2005) However, looking at the characteristics of dreams it is not surprising that some professionals take this stance. We all have different experiences when dreaming, for example, some have dreams that are filled with vivid imagry and emotional intensity, others have dreams that contain confusing events, while many experience smooth story lines. Many individuals can control their dreams while others are merely by standers. It is this variation of experiences that feeds the view opposing the psychological importance of dreaming. (Franklin Zyphur, 2005) Sigmund Freud Essay Body Paragraphs Sigmund Freud, often called father of Psychology, opened the door to the study of dreams during his career. As he delved into the research prior to his studies he found of course the medical theories that defined dreaming as merely a physical reaction without any psychological meaning as well as the various superstitious theories. After spending a lengthy amount of time studying the dreaming process he came to believe that â€Å"the popular view grounded in superstition, and not the medical one, comes nearer to the truth about dreams.† (Freud Tridon, 1920, p. 9) Freud believed that dreams were the attempt of the unconscious to forcefully impose its desires on the upper consciousness and that these mental pictures are vehicles of the human thoughts and desires. (Pillsbury, 1927, p. 448) Sigmund also believed that dreams could be interpeted and that this process could be difficult because the desire could be expressed directly or in reverse as well and mean something different than what it might seem. (Pillsbury, 1927, p. 450) Because Freud believed that the dreamer was not often aware of the dream’s meaning and that often events of the dream were confusing. Interpretation could take place if you â€Å"break up the dream into its elements† and â€Å"search out the ideas that link themselves to each format.† (Freud Tridon, 1920, p. 11) Carl Gustav Jung, another psychologist who actively persued the study of dreams, conducted his research under Sigmund Freud until their opposing views caused tension within their relationship and they parted ways. Jung believed that dreams were a â€Å"manifestation of psychic activity† and that they should â€Å"be regarded with due seriousness as an actuality that has to be fitted into the conscious attitude as a codetermining factor.† (Fordham, 2002) Jung’s theory was similar to Freud’s however the ultimate difference was that Carl saw the unconcious as spiritual. Identica l to Freud, Jung believed that dreams were not entirely cut off from our consciousness and that dreams have â€Å"their origin in the impressions, thoughts and moods of the preceding day or days.† (Jung, 2001, p. 26) Jung took his theory of the psychology of dreams to another level, however. He believed that even though dreams surfaced from a past experience that they also have a â€Å"continuity forwards.† In other words, dreams â€Å"exert a remarkable influence on the concious mental life even of persons who cannot be considered superstitious or particularly abnormal.† (Jung, 2001, p. 26) Carl believed that dreams were difficult to understand because they express themselves in symbols and imagry and he developed a method of interpretation in an attempt to understand the â€Å"dream language.† (Fordham, 2002) The first step to interpreting the psychological meaning of a dream in Jung’s theory was to establish the context, or discover the signific ance of the images presented and the relationship with the dreamer’s life. Each image must be carefully studied and associated with the dreamer as nearly as possible before the dreamer is in a position to fully understand what the dream might mean. A series of dreams offers a more satifactory interpretation than a single dream, as the important images are identified by their reptition and any mistakes can be corrected when the next dream manifests. Jung believed that every dream should be taken as â€Å"a direct expression of the dreamer’s unconscious, and only to be understood in this light.† (Fordham, 2002) Research has been conducted since Freud and Jung created their original theories that support the fact that dreams are a state of consciousness that has continued throughout the development of the human species; therefore, this process is a necessary aspect to the human congnitive development. (Franklin Zyphur, 2005) Though contemporary research exists, th e theory developed by Sigmund Freud in the early 1900s holds true. In his book The Interpretation of Dreams Freud stated in its opening that dreams were â€Å"a psychological structure, full of significance, and one which may be assigned to a specific place in the psychic activities of the waking state.† (Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams, 1931) Sleep is made up of â€Å"behavioral, functional, physiologic and electrophysiologic traits.† (McNamara, 2004) The human body has a biological need for sleep and the physical process of sleep takes place through stages. This need accumulates the longer we are awake and can also be determined by the amount of energy used while we are awake. The process of sleep begins with the body’s signal that sleep is required, this signal is realized when the brain releases a neurochemical substance. Once asleep the next cycle is activated, which is the control function that allows the human body to alternate between REM and NREM sl eep stages. Upon sleep, an adult will usually experience sleep onset through NREM and sleep offset through REM. The NREM predominates the first third of the night and REM predominates the last third of the night. (McNamara, 2004) Researchers have attempted to study the brain’s physiological reaction during the act of sleep through a variety of methods, many of which set out to prove that dreaming was merely the body’s reaction to specific chemical and brain activity. The EEG and the H2150 PET scan have been used to measure brain activity during the process of sleep and scientists have determined the brain’s physcial reaction as it transitions to REM sleep as well as other stages. While dreaming, the brain is controlled by the â€Å"meditating influence of the cholinergic system.† (Barbee nd, p. 2) Researchers were also able to determine that the visuo-motor systems were activated as well as the limbic system. (Barbee nd, p. 2) Even though these studies pr oved the brain’s physical reaction to the stages of sleep, it was determined that the â€Å"mind is a mysterious dimension of the self and when coupled with biochemical fulctuations and alterations it becomes an unfamiliar domain.† (Barbee nd, p. 2) Antti Revonsuo’s hypothesis about the psychology of dreaming is that â€Å"Dreaming is a state of consciousness consisting of complex sequences of subjective experience during sleep.† (Revonsuo Valli, 2000) He believes that the biological function of dreaming, when experiencing nightmares, is the human’s ability to simulate threatening events and repeatedly rehearse the threat perception and avoidance responses. In other words, we choose threatening waking events and rehearse these events again and again – even years after the original trauma was first experienced. (Revonsuo Valli, 2000) Revonsuo performed and in depth study of 52 students that produced 592 dream reports that were created and a nalyzed in two stages. Upon completion of the study he concluded that his theory of nightmares was correct. He also concluded that â€Å"dreaming as a phenomenal experience causually contributes to a complex biological process.† (Revonsuo Valli, 2000) Dream psychologists N. H. Pronko and J. W. Bowles believe that dreams are images that are â€Å"being constantly replenished from current experience.† (Pronko Bowles, 1999, p. 4) This replenishing process is unobserved in the dream state and is illustrated by the fact that dreams reproduce elements of our own experiences. Bowles and Pronko believe that in infancy we learn to define our lives through the rapid accumulation of images coupled with emotions. Through this process we develop the tendency to â€Å"create dramatic situations which express past emotional situations.† (Pronko Bowles, 1999, p. 20) Nightmares are merely the expression of someone who disregards anxiety in the waking world. If a person ignore s anxiety issues while awake, then upon sleep the â€Å"emotions we can not project meet us in dreams.† (Pronko Bowles, 1999, p. 32) Many theories surrounding dreams exist and those supporting the psychological importance of dreams are contemporary theories built upon the foundation of psychologists such as Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung. These studies have sparked many others that focus on the physiological reaction of the brain during the dreaming state and though a physical reaction can be found within the human brain while sleep and dreaming occurs – researchers can not say for certain that dreams are merely a manifestation of some physiological experience. The study of dreams must continue as evidence exists that provides proof of the fact that dreams are a key to our mind’s unconcious state. Sigmund Freud stated in his book The Interpretation of Dreams, â€Å"If I were asked what is the theoretical value of the study of dreams, I should reply that it lies i n the additions to psychological knowledge and the beginnings of an understanding to the neuroses which we thereby obtain.† (Freud, 1931, p. 325) We will write a custom essay sample on Sigmund Freud Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sigmund Freud Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sigmund Freud Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Big Band Era Essays - Instrumentals

Glenn Miller And The Swing/Big Band Era Essays - Instrumentals Glenn Miller and the Swing/Big Band Era Glenn Miller led the most popular big band in the world during 1939-42 and the most beloved of all the swing-era orchestras. His big band played a wide variety of melodic music and had tremendous success in every area of music. He was with the group for two years, and put together an enjoyable and well-rounded show. Glenn Miller was a man who influenced bands greatly for years. Alton Glenn Miller was born on March 1, 1904 in Clarinda Iowa. His family had a tendency to move frequently, to places such as North Platte, Nebraska, and Grant City, Oklahoma. It was in Grant City that Glenn bought his first trombone, at the age of 13. He earned the money by milking cows for $2 a week (Glenn Miller Biography). Glenn attended high school in Fort Morgan, Colorado. He studied at the University of Colorado for 2 years. It was in college that his interest in music flourished. He continued to play the trombone, his favorite instrument. Even at his young age, he was good enough to play in the Boyd Senter Band in Denver. At that point his love for music took over. Miller dropped out of school and went to the west coast to try his luck at being a musician. Miller played with many small bands until he had the opportunity to join Ben Pollack's orchestra in 1926. At that time the band included such well-known musicians as Loschiavo 4 Benny Goodman, Gill Robin, Fud Livingston, and Dick Morgan. In September of 1926, the Pollack Band went into the recording studios and worked on "When I First Met Mary" and "Deed I Do". These were probably the first record arrangements that Glenn Miller wrote. He stayed with the band until it went to New York in 1928 (Glenn Miller Story). It was then that he married his early love, Helen Berger, and moved with her to Manhattan. In the coming years, he developed his talent by working with Red Nichols in pit orchestras, as Smith Ballew's musical director, and with the Dorsey Brothers. In 1934, Miller helped form Ray Noble's American Orchestra, which soon became popular through radio broadcasts. Miller was the lead trombonist and arranger. In 1937, he left the band, and his own popularity among big band circles enabled him to form his own band, the Glenn Miller Orchestra. They brought out a few records, and went on tour, but the attempt was doomed from the start. He could not keep the orchestra together and had to let all but four musicians go. What Miller needed was his own trademark to distinguish him from the other bands. In 1938, with encouragement from friends, he gave it another try, and Miller built up his new orchestra on the basis of the four remaining musicians Hal McIntyre (alto), Rolly Bundock (bass), Chummy MacGregor (piano) and Bob Price (Glenn Miller Story). This time Miller was lucky enough to be supported by one of the most important agencies of the General Artists corporation and to obtain a record contract with RCA Victor's Budget Bluebird Label. Glenn Miller again went on tour. At this time, he had the distinguishing characteristic in Loschiavo 5 his music of having a clarinet double the sax melody an octave higher. Times nonetheless, were hard until the big breakthrough came in 1939. The General Artist Corporation managed to get Miller an engagement at the Glen Island Casino New Rochelle. Glenn Miller's time had come: on May 17 the band played its first night to a sold-out house and by the end of the engagements all box-office records had been broken. From there they traveled to Baltimore at the beginning of September. At Baltimore's Hippodrome Theater all records were again broken. The orchestra returned to New York and played in front at the largest audience in the city's history at the New York State Fare. On September 9, he broke Guy Lombardo's record attendance from the year 1931 and on October 6 helped Carnegie Hall to achieve new record receipts. The recording was also going full swing. Four records per week were being recorded by the orchestra. It was during this period, on April 4, that Miller's signature

10 Types of Hyphenation Errors

10 Types of Hyphenation Errors 10 Types of Hyphenation Errors 10 Types of Hyphenation Errors By Mark Nichol I’ve written more than once about hyphens, including this previous post, but it remains a troublesome topic, so I’ll approach it from this direction, too: the categories of hyphenation errors. 1. Omitting Hyphens in Phrasal Adjectives Some phrasal adjectives (including â€Å"civil rights,† â€Å"stock market,† and â€Å"high school†) don’t require hyphenation when they appear before a noun; they’re so well entrenched in the language that no risk of ambiguity exists, and their status is enshrined by inclusion in dictionaries. But when two words team together to describe a noun, they’re usually hyphenated. (Leave them open after a noun, however.) If you can’t find them in your well-thumbed dictionary, attach them and don’t hesitate to link more than two words: â€Å"The company instituted a pay-as-you-go plan.† 2. Adding Hyphens to Compound Words Compound words come in three forms: open (â€Å"sand dollar†), hyphenated (sand-blind), and closed (sandbag). As you see from these examples, compounds including the same particular word are not necessarily treated the same; compounding is a random process related to usage. (Popular treatment of long-hyphenated compounds changes so rapidly that dictionaries change them in new editions to reflect prevailing usage; pigeonhole formerly pigeon-hole is just one example.) 3. Adding Hyphens to Prefixes Prefixes, on the other hand, are almost always closed up to the root word. Exceptions include when the root word is a proper name (pre-Christian) and when the prefix ends and the root word begins with an i (anti-inflammatory). Note, however, that this is not true in the case of e (preempt). Another exception is words beginning with c preceded by co-, because to many people, terms like co-chair look awkward without a hyphen. 4. Omitting Hyphens from Potential Homographs Sometimes, prefixed words that would otherwise be closed up retain a hyphen to distinguish them from otherwise identical-looking words, such as re-cover as opposed to recover and re-creation as distinct from recreation. 5. Omitting Hyphens in Verb Phrases Compound verbs, those consisting of more than one word, are hyphenated (test-drive) or closed (troubleshoot); the dictionary will let you know which form to employ. Note, however, the difference in nearly identical-looking compound verbs and open compound nouns: â€Å"I’m going to test-drive it tomorrow,† but â€Å"I’m going to take it on a test drive tomorrow.† Also, consider the subtle difference between gerunds formed from a hyphenated compound verb that are followed, or not followed, by an object: â€Å"I was spot-checking the report when I found a serious error,† but â€Å"I’m going to do a little spot checking.† 6. Adding Hyphens to Adverbial Phrases Adverbs are not attached to adjectives when they team up to modify a noun: â€Å"The slowly melting ice rendered the river crossing a perilous enterprise.† However, the presence of an adverb does not negate the need for a hyphen in a phrasal adjective that follows it: â€Å"Hers was an eloquently sharp-tongued response.† 7. Adding Hyphens to Prepositional Phrases Phrases telling the reader to do something in which the first word is a verb and the second is a preposition are not hyphenated: â€Å"Sign in at the registration table.† (The phrase is hyphenated, however, when it modifies a noun: â€Å"Go to the sign-in table.†) 8. Adding or Omitting Hyphens When Referring to Ages or Physical Dimensions When a person is identified by their age with the phrase â€Å"seven-year-old,† for example, the phrase is hyphenated whether it modifies child, boy, girl, and so on or the noun is implied. (Note that two hyphens are necessary and that, for the spelled-out form of a two-digit number, three are required: â€Å"twenty-seven-year-old.†) However, the constituent words are unattached when the phrase follows the noun: â€Å"The child is seven years old. By the same rules, words describing an object’s physical dimensions are similarly linked: â€Å"Cut the eight-foot-long board in half.† Note, again, that all the words describing the length of the board are attached: If the final hyphen is incorrectly omitted, the reference to a board that is eight feet long is erroneously changed to describe a long board with eight feet. 9. Omitting Letter Spaces When Using Hyphens When you see a hyphen followed by a letter space, don’t assume the space is an error. â€Å"The assignment is a 2,000- to 5,000-word essay† is correct; word has been omitted after the first number because it is implied by its presence after the second number. (This usage is called suspensive hyphenation.) 10. Confusing Hyphens and Dashes Many publications, for the sake of simplicity or because the producers don’t know any better, use single hyphens in place of em dashes or double hyphens (the less aesthetically pleasing alternative that is frequently employed online). But they look stubby and ugly, and this crime against aesthetics is compounded when letter spaces around them are omitted, producing abominations such as â€Å"The key-and this is important-is to keep stirring constantly.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Has vs. HadOne Fell SwoopWood vs. Wooden

The Demand for Dark Tourism in Prague (Reasons) Essay

The Demand for Dark Tourism in Prague (Reasons) - Essay Example t few research papers on the topic of dark tourism and so this research study is a contribution towards the goal of developing this potential to its fullest. Like the previous trend of eco-tourism, dark tourism is one way to develop tourism especially if a town or city has just very few exciting natural sceneries to offer domestic and foreign tourists but instead has lot of old sites, castles, former prison or concentration camps, execution squares, and dungeons as alternatives sites worthy to visit and spend their tourism dollars. Academic literature is also very few on this niche of the tourism industry and new research on this niche can be very helpful indeed. The forecast demand and growth potential of dark tourism is very optimistic with people always attracted by a morbid curiosity to see and perhaps re-experience the tragedy and death of the deceased people associated with dark sites; people want to re-create the grief of

The Concept of Market Segmentation Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Concept of Market Segmentation - Term Paper Example The Marketing of the business requires co-ordination, planning and implementation of strategies and requires the future Marketing Manager having the right skills and training to ensure success. Marketing is an important element for the success of any organisation. Marketing message by the organisation needs to instil a sense of excitement and urgency in the customer to try out the product or service. The marketing by the organisation should satisfy the needs and wants of the customer along with benefitting the shareholders of the organisation.   Marketing management is an important part of the business management, with the customer the main focus of its activities.   Marketing objectives and targets have to be monitored and met, and through effective use of marketing research and marketing concepts, Eden Leisure & Fitness Centre should be able to identify the needs and wants of its customer and try to delivers benefits for both the customers and the business. Eden Leisure Centre will use marketing to generate the strategy which will define their sales technique, business communication and business development. Marketing concepts and techniques will be used to identify, satisfy and maintain the customer. This will help the leisure centre in building strong customer relationships, creating value for their customers as well as the business itself. An explanation of the marketing concepts and some suggestions for measures/initiatives the centre could introduce that would demonstrate a marketing orientation approach to its customers. E den Leisure fitness center needs to have a marketing-oriented approach for making their business successful. A marketing oriented approach allows organisations to conduct their work operations according to the wants of the customers. Eden Leisure fitness centre needs to denote the wants and requirements of the customers and then accordingly provide the services to them. The decisions that would be taken by Eden Leisure fitness centre needs to revolve around the customer wants rather than thinking about what would be right for customers.

Morality Play Essay Example for Free

Morality Play Essay Cudgels- short thick stick used as weapon (n. ) mea maxima culpa -my mistake, my fault humani nil a me alienum- I am a human being, I consider nothing that is human alien to me. tonsure- the act of cutting the hair or shaving the head. artem illam ignominiosam- the art of her disgrace malodorous- an unpleasant odor; foul-smelling retinue- a group of advisers, assistants, or others accompanying an important person leman- a lover, sweetheart or paramour pretium- price ignorantia Juris non excusit- ignorance of the law does not excuse ubi stabilitas ibireligio-where ever stability is, there will be religion. Jongleurs- medieval wandering entertainers who played instruments, sang and danced, juggled, and performed plays. brawlers- a noisy quarrel, squabble, or fight. passe- old fashioned; out-of-style esse- being; existence. sorties- attacks redolent- (adj. ) fragrant, smelling strongly; tending to arouse memories or create an aura timorous- (adj) fearful; timid; demonstrating fear prating- to talk excessively and pointlessly; babble japer- to joke, gib petulance- (n. ) rudeness, irritability vagabond- A person who wanders from place to place preening- devoting effort to make one attractive lewdness- indecent. abscene. Offensive in a sexual way conjuring- the performance of magical tricks cavil- (v. ) to find fault in a petty way, carp; a trivial objection or criticism cupidity- (n. ) an eager desire for something; greed scruple- a feeling of doubt or hesitation with regard to the morality or propriety of a course of action folly- lack of good sense; foolish action or undertaking patron- (politics) granting favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support animosity- (n. ) strong dislike; bitter hostility emulate- to copy; to try to equal or excel lulling- cause to get calm, sleep or rest.

Paint a House :: essays research papers

A home is the biggest investment you will ever make. It only makes sense to keep the biggest investment of your life in the best shape possible. The appearance of the home is a major factor in keeping its value. Painting the exterior of the house is not as hard as it appears; in fact it’s quite simple. In order to paint the house efficiently you will need a crew kit and a few different sized ladders. A crew kit is a large plastic bin with all of the tools needed for the job and more. Brushes and rollers are the two most known. Other tools include: scrapers, caulk guns, 5-in-1 tools, rags, drop clothes, pot hooks, buckets, self-priming paint, screens, hammers, steel wire brushes, extension poles, wood putty, putty knives, spinners, goo gone bottles, ladder mittens, and a first aid kit. They are all very important to getting the job done right. Once you are familiar with the tools it’s time to prepare the house to be painted. Scraping the old chipped portions of paint is the first thing to do. Once you’re done with the scraping, caulking is the second step in preparing the house. Most of the caulking will be over old caulk that has split apart over the years. Any other gaps you see can be caulked but are usually not necessary. Now the house is ready to paint.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The best place to start is with the soffits. To reach the soffits you need to place a long ladder against the gutter and place it at a height to distance of the feet from the gutter ratio of 4:1 feet. This way the angle will not be too steep, which would cause the ladder to fall backwards, nor not steep enough, which would cause the feet to slip back and the top to come crashing straight down. Now that the ladder is set, you climb up it with your bucket in hand. Inside the bucket you will need paint, a brush, a roller, and a screen. Once the pot hook that’s attached to the bucket is hanging on the ladder, you use your brush to paint the board the gutters are touching. Then use your brush to paint the line dividing the siding from the soffit. Now use the roller to quickly finish the underside of the soffit. With a few ladder movements one side of a house will be done.

Goddesses of the Middle East Essay

The mythical legends surrounding the Goddesses of the Middle East date back to around 2500 B. C and form a part of some of the earliest recorded literature about ancient civilizations. These legends centre around the Divine Entities worshipped and revered in various sub regions in what was once known as the Ancient Near East but today is known as the Middle East. Though the religious beliefs in these regions were distinctive and each Civilization followed their own Gods and Goddesses most of these divine entities reacted to human conditions and were a product of the cultures that created them. As these cultures evolved over time, so did the Gods and Goddesses who protected and created them. Some of the prominent religions and civilizations who’s Divine Entities were revered and worshipped in the region known as the Ancient Near East includes: (Gordon 1965) †¢ Assyro-Babylonian religion followed in most of Mesopotamia include Sumer, Assyria, Akkad †¢ Ancient Egyptian religion followed in Ancient Egypt †¢ Canaanite religion followed in most of the Levant region including Canaan, Ugarit, Ebla, Mitanni †¢ Hittite, and Hurrian Religions originating in Anatolia and followed by the Hittite Empire including Assuwa, Arzawa †¢ Minoan religion followed by the Minoan civilization including Cyprus and Crete among others. The goddess in early classical mythology has traditionally played the role of a creator. She is believed to have existed before everything and has been credited with creating both heaven and earth as well as giving birth to both other gods and subsequently to human beings. In nearly all early civilizations the Goddess symbolized noble and basic concepts such as birth, death, honour, and justice. She was revered for her divine beauty and also for protecting her husband and children. While the male gods were relegated the duties of guarding the underworld, it was the goddesses who were given the responsibilities of providing comfort and standing guard over the dead until they were given a funeral and send to the underworld. Most of the civilizations depicted above sprung up around great rivers in the Middle east including, the Nile, Tigris, Euphrates, and Ganges. The presence of these rivers nourished a rich agricultural landscape and provided sustenance to agricultural gave civilizations which were predominantly matriarchal societies. (Sasson 1995) These civilizations were heavily influenced by both the blessings and ravages of nature. The rivers that they depended upon for sustenance would both give them abundant crops and wreck immense havoc and destruction in the form of devastating floods. People in these civilizations believed that there was a link between their lives and the pattern of birth –maturity death and re-birth that they observed in the plants and animals around them. The religious beliefs of most of these civilizations compelled them to worship or hold sacred what they thought provided them life and sustenance and also protected them from ravages and destruction the importance of goddesses in the myths and religious beliefs of these civilizations reflected this. The myths and legendary tales of powerful beautiful goddesses who had magical powers and controlled the various forces of nature helped t the people of these ancient civilizations understand the mysteries that pervaded their existence, birth, death, seasons, floods, harvests and drought all made so much more sense when they believed that there was a Supreme or Divine Deity who controlled it all and who they could appease through worship and prayer. In most of these matriarchal societies, this supreme deity was the Great Mother Goddess, who personified all the blessings and peculiarities of Mother Earth. Though there are countless Goddesses who were revered and worshiped in the ancient civilizations of the Middle East the most popular and common ones who were personified in the role of being creators, sustainers and the universal source of nourishment include(Christ 1998) Asherah –This is one of the names of the Sacred Goddess worshiped by the ancient Semitic Civilizations. Other names of this Great Goddess include Goddess of the Tree of Life, Goddess of the Grove. Wet-nurse of the gods. among many others This Goddess worshiped widely in Canaanite religion followed in most of the Levant region was symbolized by a multi branched tree and considered the very force of life that could be found in flocks of cattle and among groves of trees. This Goddess was often worshipped before childbirth and at planting time to grant sustenance. In popular mythology Asherah sometimes appears as curly-haired Goddess riding a sacred lion often holding lilies. Ishtar: Another very famous and popular Babylonian Goddess often known as Light of the World. Righteous judge, Forgiver of Sins and the Framer of all decrees are also few of her other roles and names that she was worshipped by. This Great Goddess is often depicted in breast-offering pose and is also known as the Mother of the fruitful breast. Inanna – was a very powerful Sumerian Goddess who was believed to provide earth with its source of life-water. Often called the Source of the Earth’s life blood it was believed by the ancient civilizations that this Goddess filled the wells, rivers and springs of the land with her own blood Isis- a very popular and powerful Goddess worshipped by the Ancient Egyptians Isis is perhaps the most famous of all Ancient Middle Eastern Goddesses. Some sources claim that her name means: â€Å"She of throne,† while other sources imply that her name means: â€Å"She of flesh. † Isis’s was revered for using her powers of magic and healing to help humanity Ashnan – She was the ancient Sumerian Goddess of Grain who controlled agricultural sustenance for the civilizations that worshipped her. Belit-Ilani – Worshipped by the ancient Babylonian this Goddess was often held in esteem as the Mistress of the gods. In popular depictions she is portrayed as a woman bearing baby on her left arm and blessing a child with her left. Anath – Worshipped by Canaanites, Amorites, Syrians, Egyptians, Hebrews and the Phoenicians. This Goddess symbolized the strength of Life and was the Queen of Heaven and also the Mistress of all the Gods. Anatu – She was the Great Mesopotamian Goddess, often considered the Ruler of the Earth and Queen of the Sky. Chaabou – was held in high reverence by the Semitic religion and relegated as Earth Mother responsible for sustenance and nourishment. Achamoth – Worshipped by the Early Gnostic Christians. She was the Mother Goddess, who was responsible for giving birth and was the effective creator of the material universe, Deborah – was the Sacred Goddess worshiped frequently in the Mycenae and Anatolia regions often identified with the Tree of Life. Erua – was the Babylonian Goddess often revered as the Queen of Heaven. She was responsible for controlling the birth of all creatures big and small in her land. Gula – was another popular Babylonian Great Goddess who was also known as the Fate Goddess and the Great Doctor who was believed to cure any kind of sickness or ailment . Lahmu- a famous Goddess in Akkadian mythology, who is considered to be the mother of â€Å"Anshar and Kishar,† who are credited to have fathered the first Gods of that great ancient civilization. Persian mythology which also plays a part of ancient Middle Eastern Mythology also held the Goddess. â€Å"Rudaba† in great esteem. This Goddess gave birth to â€Å"Rostam,† the greatest hero in Persian mythology. † Derceto –was the Babylonian Sea Goddess also known as the Goddess of Justice. Kadi –was a Babylonian Goddess believed to have the body of a Serpent and the head and breasts of a Woman. Mari –was revered as the Mother Sea, who gave birth to the gods, Shebat was worshipped as the Mesopotamian Moon Goddess responsible for bringing night after day. Tirgata – was revered as Fish Goddess of Syria who controlled the sea and all life within it As these Civilization evolved so did the role of their gods and goddesses. By 2400 B. C religious and devotional practices began to change as aggressive tribes with strong beliefs in worshipping a supreme male god began to invade the matriarchal communities whose supreme diets were Goddesses . New myths developed in which these goddesses were made evil, slain or made inferior to the patriarchal god of the conquerors. The goal in creating these myths was to defame and to dethrone the goddess from her traditional role of Creator and sustainers and to give this role to a new generation of patriarchal warrior Gods who ruled the world through valour and heroic endeavour. As a direct consequence the role of the Goddess in the Patriarchal societies underwent a change from being a loving supreme deity to a vengeful, spiteful Entity who had to be either slain or made subordinate to the male gods in order to control her powers. Many Ancient Babylonian and Mesopotamian Goddesses who were once revered as the Source of Life and Sustenance was discredited slain or made subordinate to a new patriarchal male warrior God. (Christ 1998) One example of how ancient myths of Goddesses changed in patriarchal societies is the legend of the Mesopotamian divinity Tiamat. Revered by the ancient Sumero-Babylonian civilization as a Serpent Goddess of the Watery Abyss a Mother, from whose formless body the Universe was born. She was believed to nourish all life and rule the ocean. Tiamat, in her role as Mother Goddess and Mother Earth, reflected the matriarchal civilization that created her. (Christ 1998) In a patriarchal society the role of Tiamat and the legend surrounding her changes drastically. According to these new myths The Goddess once credited with the creation of the Universe is upset when her husband Appu is slain and decides to destroy what she has created. She gives birth to a race of evil monsters to help in her quest. Together the Goddess and her army of monsters wreck chaos and havoc on all around them. There is no one who can stop Tiamat until Marduk accepts the challenge. In violent battle, Marduk manages to wedge open the mouth of the serpent goddess and fill it with winds of a horrible storm. While the serpent goddess is distracted he slains her by cutting her womb. After killing the Goddess the patriarch warrior feels glorified. He then desecrates the womb that previous mythologies and civilizations revered as the Source of All Life. The myth ends by establishing that the supreme deity is now male and that he and his cohorts of warrior Gods will now be responsible for protecting the civilization. In a patriarchal society the role of the God is relegated from giving birth and nurturing traditionally seen as motherly tasks to being the protector traditionally seen as fatherly tasks The roles of the goddesses in these societies were reduced to subservient status In the new patriarchal civilization, the myths regarding the Goddesses were recreated and often retold till they achieved credibility and became part of a new folklore designed to promote the religion of the new civilization. In this fashion countless legendary myths depicting the creative, nurturing and forgiving nature of the female goddesses were desecrated and in their place grew new myths propounding their evil deeds. In many of these myths the goddess is first discredited and then engaged in battle with the patriarch God. At the end the Patriarch God achieves victory over the Goddess and she is either slain or looses her powers. Another myth which was refashioned along these lines was that of Hathor an Ancient Egyptian Goddess. Hathor, in Ancient Egyptian mythology was revered as the goddess responsible for evoking emotions such as joy, love, dance and song. (Christ 1998) She is fabled to have provided her own nurturing milk to the living and also carried the dead to the underworld. But somewhere in mythology the Hathor who is revered for her very instincts of Love and joy is also painted as a demon that wrecks death and destruction on Humanity. Acting on the directives of the sun god, Ra, who was under the impression that some of his subjects were planning to Kill him Hathor was sent on a mission to destroy the plotters Hathor who also manifested herself in the guise of a lioness known as Sekhmet, attacked all the plotters killing them instantly. Ra was forced to intervene to stop the bloodshed by tricking Sekhmet into believing that she had killed a lot of people so by pouring a massive amount of pomegranate coloured liquid over the battlefield . Sekhmet mistook the liquid for blood stopped the slaughter and transformed back into her goddess form of Hathor. It is ironic in the least to observe that in cultures where the feminine spirit has always been seen as nurturing, loving and creative the role of goddesses of mythology is associated with evil deeds. Perhaps these mythologies have been restructured to assimilate in Patriarchal Societies where the god is associated with social order and discipline. But regardless of their role in mythology many famous Goddesses of the Middle East continue to live in popular imaginations even though the religions and cults associated with them have now been banished. Though the Middle East is now home to new religions such as Christianity Judaism and Islam and the age of idol worship and plural Gods is over, these deities have become part of the common folklore. The Worship of these Goddesses may now be defunct but their legend lives on and continues to pervade subsequent cultural practices in these regions. Works Cited Gordon, Cyrus. The Ancient Near East, 3rd Edition, Revised. W. W. Norton and Company, Inc. , New York, 1965. Christ Carol: Rebirth of the Goddess: Finding Meaning in Feminist Spirituality Routledge; 1st edition 1998 James. E. O. The Ancient Gods: The History and Diffusion of Religion in the Ancient Near East and the Eastern Mediterranean, 1960. Sasson Jack: Civilizations of the Ancient Near East. Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York, 1995. Morton Smith, The Common Theology of the Ancient near East, Journal of Biblical Literature 1952.

Internal Business Process Perspective

Internal Business Process Prospective BUS 499 – Strategic Management Module 3 Case February 1, 2013 Duke Children’s Hospital fell into a crisis within the mid-1990s. Expenses were rising while dramatic reductions in net margin were occurring. Staff productivity fell and staff satisfaction was at an all-time low. They overcame the crisis by implementing the balanced scorecard. Their way of designing their scorecard catered to their business in healthcare. The higher officials of Duke Children’s Hospital made a three-step process in designing their balanced scorecard. The three steps of proven rapid-fire approach are to: get connected, get results, and get smarter† (Meliones, 2001). Step one consisted of establishing key linkages. By linking the mission, strategy, objectives, targets, key performance indicators, and initiatives across the organization, stakeholders within the hospital were able to stay on the same end goals. Each stakeholder was given informa tion to diagnose opportunities for improvement. There were three vital areas that helped the scorecard stay connected. Key performance indicators linked the business and clinical aspects of healthcare.Staff satisfaction was related to preserving or increasing quality of care. Regulatory area maintained the compliance of laws and procedures within the organization. Step two consisted of analyzing performance to get results. Data was collected to enhance the productivity and satisfaction of stakeholders within the hospital. The goal was to â€Å"improve performance in stakeholders while enhancing quality† (Meliones, 2001). This affects the customer perspective by increasing customer satisfaction. The key factor to help analyze data and improve efficiency was to implement new technology.By supplementing telephone calls with fax and email and setting up automated notifications, the â€Å"total denials decreased from fifteen percent to less than one percent† (Meliones, 2001 ). Step three consisted of gaining knowledge and strategic control of your organization by getting smarter. New ideas and approaches result in making new connections. The scorecard was updated accordingly to maintain the key goals. By implementing the balances scorecard, the hospital was able to track stakeholder’s performance data while keeping an eye on the effects of the business process.Each stakeholder was analyzed with their own data instead of looking at the department as a whole. This stopped stakeholders from pointing fingers at one another when a mistake within the department was made. Physicians, clinicians, and nurses were tracked in an integrated matrix to optimize performance. The balanced scorecard focused on the internal business process of â€Å"operations management, customer management, innovation, and regulatory and social clusters† (Niven, 2010). By making certain stakeholders adjust their performance according to data, an increase in productivity was accomplished in an intelligent matter.By increasing efficiency without compromising quality, cost per case was reduced and patient satisfaction increased. Duke Children’s Hospital became a well-known treatment center for children. Within the customer management, prospective patients were wooed by the increase in acknowledgements and success of the hospital. This may have helped gain and attract new customers. Innovation was a big factor within Duke Children’s hospital. Officials implemented â€Å"the use of technology to turn data into information† (Meliones).By updating their system of keeping track of financial and customer data, shareholders performance and satisfaction increased while gaining efficiency throughout the internal process. The regulatory and social perspective was readily focused in their step one of implementing their balanced scorecard. The hospital was ready to â€Å"facilitate regulatory compliance as a collateral benefit of routine cli nical practice† (Meliones, 2001). Employees of Duke Children’s hospital were the main characters affected within the change of the internal business perspective.Before the balanced scorecard was implemented, staff productivity was in decline and staff satisfaction was at an all-time low. The positive shift in staff satisfaction and productivity was seen after the step one and two of implementing the scorecard. Employees were connected with the same mission and strategy of the whole organization. After analyzing their performance results, stakeholders were able to improve the way they work and handle patients. Clinicians, physicians, and nurses were able to provide quality clinical care without dramatically affecting the financial performance.This aligned each stakeholder within the system into a single platform. The key was â€Å"to identify the key drivers of their performance and implement initiatives to optimize them† (Meliones, 2001). The customers of Duke Ch ildren’s hospital saw a major change in efficiency within the organization. Without cutting staff, the hospital was able to â€Å"improve their performance while enhancing quality† (Meliones, 2001). By implementing a new system of records, patients were able to pay bills on time without suffering through denial claims. Automatic reports gave patients the qualitative data they needed to for physicians and nurses to evaluate.The hospital was able to work in sync to provide excellent care for new patients. Duke Children’s hospital did a superb job in implementing, planning, and executing their transition to the balance scorecard. Officials of the hospital knew they had a crisis within their hands. If they did not change their ways, the future of the hospital would be at stake. By planning a three-step process of shifting their strategic management, officials were able to improve all perspectives within the hospital. â€Å"The cost per case was reduced from $14,889 to $10,500† (Meliones, 2001).This resulted in a $30 million reduction in cost within four years. The net margin shifted into the positive by $4 million from a previously negative $11 million, all within four years. Productivity and staff satisfaction grew to elevating levels. The significant transition of the hospital is clear evidence that the implemented scorecard positively changed the hospital. The three-step process was the framework that guided their goals. The strategy of Duke Children’s hospital should be guidance for all businesses in any industry to accept and try the balanced scorecard management system. ReferencesCQI (2012) Introduction to Quality. The Chartered Quality Institute. Retrieved August 24, 2012, from http://www. thecqi. org/Knowledge-Hub/Resources/Factsheets/Introduction-to-quality/ Meliones, Jon N. ; Ballard, Richard; Liekweg, Richard; & Burton, William (2001, April). No mission () no margin: It's that simple. Journal of Health Care. 27(3): 21- 30. Retrieved May 17, 2010, from the library: https://coursenet. trident. edu Niven, P. (N. D. ) Internal Process perspective. EPM Review. Retrieved May 17, 2010, from http://www. epmreview. com/Resources/Articles/InternalProcess-Perspective. html

Using Se with Spanish Verbs To Express the English Passive Voice

Using 'Se' with Spanish Verbs To Express the English Passive Voice If youre new to learning Spanish, you might easily be confused by some of the signs you see in a Spanish-speaking area: SE VENDEN ORO Y PLATASE SIRVE DESAYUNOSE ALQUILA Translate the words the best you can, or type them into a portable translating device, and you very well could end up with translations such as these: Gold and silver sell themselves. Breakfast serves itself. It rents itself. Se Used for Type of Passive Voice Obviously, those literal translations dont make much sense. But once you become familiar with the language, you realize that such usages of se and verbs are quite common and are used to indicate objects being acted upon without stating who or what is doing the action. That explanation might be a mouthful, but we do the same thing in English, only in a different way. For example, take a sentence such as The car was sold. Who did the selling? Out of context, we dont know. Or consider a sentence such as The key was lost. Who lost the key? Well, we probably know, but not from that sentence! In English, we call such verb usages the passive voice. It is the opposite of the active voice, which would be used in sentences such as John sold the car or I lost the shoe. In those sentences we are told who is performing the action. But in the passive voice, the subject of the sentence is acted upon by someone (or something) rather than being the one performing the action. Spanish does have a true passive voice corresponding to the English one: El coche fue vendido (The car was sold) and el zapato fue perdido (the shoe was lost) are two examples, but it isnt used nearly as much as in English. Much more common is use of the third-person reflexive verb form, which uses the pronoun se. (Dont confuse se with sà ©, which means I know or sometimes you be as a command.) Rather than saying that something is done to something, Spanish speakers have the object doing it to itself. Se Passive Shouldn't Be Translated Literally Thus, se venden oro y plata, although translated literally would mean gold and silver sell themselves, can be understood to mean gold and silver are sold or even gold and silver for sale, neither of which specify who is doing the selling. Se sirve desayuno means breakfast is served. And se alquila, which might be seen as a sign on a building or object, means simply for rent. Keep in mind that the grammatical function of such reflexive verb forms is to avoid stating who or what is performing the action, or simply to recognize that the performer of the action isnt important. And there are ways of doing that in English other than using the passive voice. As an example, look at the following sentence in Spanish: Se dice que never. Literally, such a sentence would mean it says itself that it will snow, which doesnt make sense. Using a passive construction, we might translate this sentence as it is said that it will snow, which is perfectly understandable. But a more natural way of translating this sentence, at least in informal usage, would be they say it will snow. They here doesnt refer to specific people. Other sentences can be translated similarly. Se venden zapatos en el mercado, they sell shoes in the market (or, shoes are sold in the market).  ¿Se comen mariscos en Uruguay? Do they eat seafood in Uruguay? Or, is seafood eaten in Uruguay? Sometimes in English we also use one or an impersonal you where a Spanish speaker might use a se construction. For example, se puede encontrar zapatos en el marcado. A translation in passive form would be shoes can be found in the market. But we could also say one can find shoes in the market or even you can find shoes in the market. Or, se tiene que beber mucha agua en el desierto could be translated as one has to drink a lot of water in the desert or you have to drink a lot of water in the desert. The you in such cases doesnt mean the person being spoken to, but rather it refers to people in general. It is important to keep such meanings of English sentences in mind when translating to Spanish. You might be misunderstood if you were to use the Spanish pronoun usted to translate you in the above sentences. (It is possible to use usted or tà º to mean a kind of impersonal you as in the English sentence, but such usage is less common in Spanish than English.) Key Takeaways Reflexive verbs using se are often used to form a type of passive voice, which avoids saying directly who or what is performing the verbs action.This usage should not be translated literally to English, as that would result in phrases such as it sells itself or it lost itself.Spanish has a true passive voice that uses the form ser past participle, but it is used much less often than the English equivalent.

Ethical Egoism Essay Sample

Ethical Egoism Essay Sample Ethical Egoism Essay Ethical egoism is the view that each of us ought to pursue self-interest, and it is our own obligation to promote self-interest. In other words, one shall not act for the good of others, but for the benefit of oneself. It may be, however, for the good of others also, but doing the act is for the best interest of the doer. Basically, in simplest terms, the actions done by a person is for boosting his/her ego, no matter what kind of action it is. Under this view, it is moral to do such. There are, however, conflicting views with regard to ethical egoism. Morality depends on the customs, traditions, and laws where a person is domiciled. One’s action is dictated basically by the society. There are, however, other views that a person, by its nature, is good or bad. Nonetheless, it boils down to the customary of a society – it is always dictated. So for an action to be ethical, it must be within the standards of the customs. Because the person acts within the standards of morality dictated by the society, he/she will feel good about it. However, this actually depends on the action – whether it is an overt or covert act. If it is an overt act, it also depends whether the action is known by the society; that is, by donating blood in a drive or when killing a person and there is a clear evidence that will put the doer into incarceration. The act must be seen by the society, where it will be judged as moral. Then, it will be reciprocated by an ego boost. Otherwise, the act may be immoral yet still boosting one’s ego. There are however other people who choose a covert act, yet still the act is within the moral standards of the society. An example of ethical egoism is running for the highest position in the elections. The benefit depends on the doer. To win the election, one has to act accordingly to the morals of the society. When the candidate wins the election, he has to also fulfill his duties to his people. He only does this because running for election and winning the same actually makes the person feel good about it. It is for his self-interest because the position gives him the boost of his ego and the validation of the people makes him feel good. There is, however, a problem, when the person may seem to act well in front of the people yet is illegally trying to win over the hearts of the people: by cheating and killing people. The candidate still acts for his own benefit, but does he act morally? Maybe yes, maybe not. Another issue with regard to ethical egoism is the conflict of interest of two individuals. If two people share the same interest, how should this be resolved? Some philosophers that the resolution is to â€Å"might is right.† This means that the stronger gets to possess the benefit above the weaker one. There are however those who argue that the benefit must be shared by the two individuals. This raises the question of what are the standards dictated by the society. This view in simplest terms means one person will act only because it feels good. If the action does not feel good, one will not do the act. So, whether or not the action is moral within the dictates of the society does not matter in this case. As long as the action will benefit the person, it is moral. As most philosophers may argue, free will is the end all and be all of the actions of a person.

Management--corporate governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management--corporate governance - Essay Example It has been observed that there exists a high level of inequality in the society and the same could prove to be disastrous for the development of an economy. It is thus with, this objective that the recommendations are sought to improve the workings of the corporate world, encourage equality, transparency and accountability and make the Australian remuneration system internationally competitive - i.e. at par with international standards. According to the new recommendations, the key management personnel will now be prohibited from voting their shares on remuneration reports. Such a step would bring about significant reforms in the corporate world, and encourage entrepreneurship and innovation, thus contributing to the nation's economy and prosperity. Furthermore by prohibiting the management from voting their shares on the remuneration report, it would help in increasing shareholder signal on non-binding vote thus leading to better informed shareholders. The recommendations 4 through 9 (with the exception of recommendation 5) essentially seeks to restrict the activities of the shareholders with regard to their voting rights on the basis of remuneration reports; simplify the language used in such reports to make it more accessible to the investors; and to encourage the disclosure of remuneration paid to all management personnel occupying key positions in organizations as opposed to the existing arrangement which stipulates the reporting of remuneration of the top five management personnel. Concerns have been raised regarding the remuneration received by executives and particularly with regard to the level of average wages received by them. These concerns have existed since long, but have caught momentum in the wake of the global financial crisis resulting in a substantial reduction in the shareholder wealth, and the resultant consequences - those of rising unemployment in the nation. The key objective thus, of establishing a robust framework for deciding appropr iate remuneration for executives is to ensure that the trust of the communities at large in corporate governance is suitably upheld, in the larger benefit of the wider economy. The reforms in executive remuneration have been sought by various segments of the society since long, and such changes, are aimed at resolving the issues raised by the them, with regard to excessive payments made to the executives which depict their greed and mismanagement / misappropriation of funds; which is likely to culminate into a financial crisis, affecting a large section of the society as well as the economy. Furthermore, the recommendations would help in putting an end to constant public enquires and outcry with regard to their deteriorating standards of living on account of increase in taxes to bail out companies caught in deep financial crisis. Furthermore, the Commission aims to ensure through these recommendations that it will help in reducing or eliminating the at least some of the doubts and c oncerns revolving the remunerations paid to the directors and key management personnel and reinforce faith in the investors, and in the wider community. One of the key objectives is to stabilize management remuneration and prevent it

How we can apply sample accounting to daily life Essay

How we can apply sample accounting to daily life - Essay Example A person uses accounting techniques to make decisions on which investment is worthwhile. Similarly, the person will be able to make decisions on which investment should be ditched. For example, some investments could be attractive but need some accounting knowledge to consider the whole situation. Some investments could look lucrative but the related expenses and risks are threatening. However, some ventures seem to have low income as well as low risks. With the use of simple accounting, a person will be prepared to make a decision on the available alternatives (Juan, 2007). Consequentially, when a person does not use simple accounting, it is easy to lose substantial amounts of money in unreliable ventures. Similarly, simple accounting is effective in management of business and personal activities. With simple accounting a person is able to note the income and expenditure of their business or life in general. With such focus, the person is able to manage the expenditure and income on the basis of priority. Simple accounting is vital in making decisions in regards cutting of costs. A person could be in a stalemate over some expenditure that is affecting their business or personal life (Freedman, 2010). To limit such expenses, a person needs to use simple accounting. ... Similarly, simple accounting is vital when making decisions on economies of scale in production. Some activities could be limited to a certain extent if they are not worthwhile. For example, transportation of materials could be done all at once rather than transporting the same consignment in numerous shifts (Juan, 2007). This can be easily done through simple accounting. Being futuristic is a fundamental aspect in ensuring continuity. However, there is no future when a person is not able to forecast any future events with some considerable level of certainty. A person should plan on how to improve their life or business in the long term. This is by focusing on simple accounting and how it can aid in this process (Juan, 2007). For example, in many cases, there is the use of profitability index and its improvement to forecast future profits. With such forecasts, it is easy to plan for the future especially when a person is in need of a loan. This will be easy as the person will have a clue on how the loan can be repaid and the period needed for full repayment. Similarly, a person is able to forecast income that could also be used in slotting various ways of expanding the business, or better still, a person is better prepared for personal development. Making accounting decisions could be a hard task especially in the absence of accounting. Basic management decisions are made through simple accounting (Juan, 2007). Therefore, absence of simple accounting will lead to haphazard decision making. For example, accounting decisions are made after computing personal accounts. Therefore, a person should only make accounting decisions after evaluating some accounting findings. For example, the daily activities could be affected when some accounting decisions are

Theme and Narrative Elements in the Short Story Essay

Theme and Narrative Elements in the Short Story - Essay Example In order to bring out the theme of a story clearly, the author uses the characters, action, setting and various elements of literature (Guerin, 2005). The Necklace applies irony to express the theme of poverty and social class in society. Mathilde is born in a family of employees, and the author describes her as a person with no choice of what she wanted. The author describes her as a person with no means of being known, loved, understood, or getting married to a rich man. The theme is enhanced by the fact that she was forced to get married to a little clerk working in the Education Ministry. The title of the story, â€Å"The Necklace† creates a desire for the reader to know why the title was used. The necklace she borrowed, as the story continues, becomes the source of conflict in the story. The literary element of irony in the story has contributed greatly to the buildup of the theme in the story. There are various instances in the story where irony is evident. Mathilde thou ght of herself living in delicacy and luxury, but throughout the story, she has been depicted as a poor woman and wife. Mathilde and her husband have been in debt for a period of ten years. This is after she lost her friend’s diamond necklace, which she had to pay. She came to learn later the necklace was not original diamond and she could have rather said the truth than buying a new one. She lived her life thinking of all the best things in life, which she admired, but did not have. She had a long-time rich friend whom she did not want to go and see anymore. This literary element of irony has enhanced the theme of poverty and social classes. Mathilde could no longer visit her rich friend because of their differences in social class. Her friend was a rich person whereas she was extremely poor and always in distress. The author to depict the socially classified society of Parisian in the 1880s may have used this literary element of irony. When her husband comes home one day ex pecting to make his wife happy, Mathilde is angry. He comes with a card inviting them to a party at the ministry’s palace. However, Mathilde is not happy because she does not have a nice dress to wear. She ends up compelling her husband to buy her a dress with the money he wanted to buy a gun. Mathilde is not satisfied with her status, but wants to look like the rest of the women. This instant of irony indicates how social class influences people in poverty. Use of characterization in the story has enhanced the portrayal of the theme of poverty and social class. The character of Mathilde is portrayed as a person who is not contented with what she has. She is always dreaming of having a nice and luxurious apartment, with rooms decorated with oriental tapestries and lightened by bronze lamps on the floor. Her unsatisfactory character finally lands her in trouble after borrowing a diamond necklace from Forester. Mathilde is totally unsatisfied and unhappy with all she has and sh e is looking for material things throughout her life. Her character of always dreaming and desiring things she cannot afford made her to appear arrogant and stuck-up when she refuses to attend the party because she does not have a dress and the right jewelry. All this is set in Parisian, which creates the atmosphere of the story. The setting enhances the theme of poverty and social class, which was rampant in the area of setting in the 1880s. Looking at the efforts of Loisel to please his

Bilingual Acquisition in Early Childhood

Bilingual Acquisition in Early Childhood Are bilingual children two monolingual children in one? Discuss. Research into bilingual acquisition in early childhood has investigated whether infants and toddlers brought up in bilingual settings can be said to have a single language system during the initial stages of language acquisition or whether these early bilinguals develop two separate language systems from the start. If the latter can be shown to be the case, it could be argued that bilingual children are indeed two monolingual children in one. However, there has been considerable debate over the merits of both claims for some period of time. This essay will consider the arguments and some of the evidence put forward in support of both points of view. Researchers differentiate between two languages acquired from birth (simultaneous bilingual acquisition) and the acquisition of a second language during early childhood. Research, intending to address the question of developing bilingual language systems in the infant, focuses on simultaneous bilingual acquisition. Although as Lanza points out it isn’t always easy to decide on â€Å"the cut-off point between first language acquisition and early second-language acquisition.† [1] The language environment, with both parents speaking both languages or the adoption of a one language one parent approach, is also a consideration. It is often pointed out that bilingual children acquire their languages in much the same way as monolingual children acquire theirs. Pearson and colleagues testing the acquisition of vocabulary found that â€Å"differences in average vocabulary size (between the bilingual and monolingual children in their study) across the age range tested were relat ively small.†[2] Studies of childhood bilingual development have shown that in almost all cases, children mix elements from the two languages they are acquiring. This has lead to claims that in the early stages of acquisition bilingual children have a single language system. Code mixing may involve any aspect of the child’s language system i.e., phonetic, lexical, phrasal, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic. Code mixing is not limited to children. Many researchers have investigated the phenomenon of code mixing or switching in adult bilinguals. However, there are important differences between the two. Adult code switching is rule governed. â€Å"What is thought to distinguish bilingual children’s mixing from adult mixing is the lack of systematicity or compliance to linguistic rules in the case of children.† [3] The fact that mixing declines with age has been cited as evidence that the child originally had one system that gradually separates into two. The period of mixing is followed by language differentiation sometime during the bilingual child’s third year. Volterra and Taeschner’s seminal paper interpreting code mixing in terms of a three-stage model of a single language system has had numerous supporters and critics. [4] A growing number of researchers have published papers in the past couple of decades supporting a two-language system. In 1985 Vihman looked at a bilingual Estonian/ English child. Having pointed out that there was insufficient data concerning the child’s comprehension skills in both languages to confirm whether or not he had a single system: â€Å"It seems likely that two receptive stores did exist in a rudimentary form even at this earliest stage, however, since comprehension appeared to develop rapidly in both English and Estonian contexts well before the development of a wide-ranging productive vocabulary.† [5] Considerable research has shown that monolingual children develop comprehension before production skills. The author agreed with Lindholm and Padilla[6] that â€Å"bilingual children are able, from an early age, to differentiate their two systems†. [7] Genesee also found evidence of â€Å"differentiated underlying language systems† in his study of early bilinguals. He argued that â€Å"bilingual children are able to differentiate their language systems from the beginning and that they are able to use their developing language systems differentially in contextually sensitive ways.† [8] Paradis and Genesee concluded the bilingual children in their study developed entirely distinct pronoun system for the two languages. [9]Their research therefore supports the separate language hypothesis. Likewise, Quay’s study of an English/ Spanish bilingual child â€Å"provides no evidence for the two-stage model of lexical development proposed by Volterra and Taeschner.† [10] Empirical and Interpretative Difficulties Methodology Most researchers criticise the methodology used by previous researchers in the field. Diary studies of a single child are common making any generalisation difficult. Other factors making comparison and therefore generalisation difficult include: the differing exposure to the languages experienced by each child, their different language backgrounds and history, the different methods of language sampling undertaken by the various researchers, and the fact that to date there is no standardised measurements to compare children at various stages of bilingual development. Furthermore, diary studies may be insufficient to accurately reflect the linguistic competence of the child studied, regardless of whether or not the findings can be shown to be valid for other bilinguals. â€Å"Diary data may not capture all translation equivalents.† [11] Quay also points out that studies making use of audio and video recordings tend not to make them frequently enough: â€Å"Infrequent recordings for a short duration each time do not allow for conclusive evidence with regard to bilingual children’s ability to produce translation equivalents.†[12] Radford reviewing Paradis and Genesee (1996) remarks on a methodological shortcoming noted in many other studies, the use of a small corpus of data: â€Å"This might lead us to the conclusion that PG simply didn’t have enough data from enough children to support the sweeping theoretical claims that they make.†[13] Pearson and colleagues also criticize the emphasis on case studies â€Å"a form in which systematic comparisons with other children are not generally attempted.† [14] Their own research compared the language development of 25 English/ Spanish bilinguals with 35 monolinguals: â€Å"Without detailed information from a wide range of children, it is difficult to gain a broad perspective on what is typical and what is exceptional in early bilingual development.†[15] Radford states, â€Å"much of the evidence VT (Volterra and Taeschner) bring to bear in support of their claim that children start out with a common syntax for their two languages is based to a large extent on code-mixing.†[16] He suggests the fact that bilingual children are known to code mix cannot be seen as evidence for a single language system because adult also code switch and they are â€Å"generally assumed to have separate grammars for each language.† However, as has been stated earlier, children do not code mix in the way adults do. More problematic for supporters of the single language system is the finding by Genesee and colleagues that code mixing in early bilinguals is not as common as Volterra and Taeschner claim.[17] These researchers discovered that code mixing takes place in only 1%-7% of bilingual children’s utterances. Like Radford, Genesee claims that there are serious methodological and interpretative shortcomings with much research into simultaneous bilingualism. In order for the single system hypothesis to be valid, bilingual children would need to â€Å"use items from both languages indiscriminately in all contexts of communication.†[18] However, as Genesee makes clear, most research in the field has failed to analyse the data by context. Volterra and Taeschner for example, present isolated examples of the child addressing one parent only.[19] Vihman did look at her bilingual child’s utterances in context but she focused on one language only.[20] If the appearance, then decline, of code mixing in early bilingual development is not necessarily evidence of a single language system, what other factors may be responsible for the phenomenon? Vihman (1985) argues that the decline in mixing has more to do with the bilingual child gaining in sociolinguistic competence than evidence of the separation of language systems.[21] Lanza also suggests a more sociolinguistic explanation for code mixing: â€Å"Children do learn to differentiate their language: however, this differentiation process occurs in language socialisation through which they learn to differentiate ways of speaking according to the social demands of the situation.† [22] Other researchers point out that with the acquisition of more lexical items as the child’s language skills develop, there is less need to borrow between languages (the lexical gap hypothesis).[23] [24] Peterson claims bilingual children switch to their dominant language because they haven’t the lexicon or syntactic structure in the weaker one.[25] Bernardini agrees â€Å" in some young bilingual children†¦with uneven development, having one language that is clearly weaker than the other, sentence-internal code-mixing is a result of uneven lexical development in the two languages.† [26] Pearson and colleagues test the Volterra Taeschner (1978) claim â€Å"if children already have a lexical representation for a concept in either language, they will not be motivated to learn or use the word’s translation in the other.†[27] This follows Clark’s principle of contrast, which predicts an absence of synonymy in early lexical development in both monolingual and bilingual children.[28] Pearson and colleagues found no evidence to support Volterra Taeschner in their study of 27 early bilinguals. Quay also found â€Å"no foundation for the principle of contrast in (the) bilingual case (studied).† Quay points out â€Å"most studies do not take into account whether young bilinguals have the lexical resources to make a choice between their two languages.† [29] According to Grosjean one language may be dominant because the child is exposed to that language more frequently and needs it to communicate with more people.[30] Serratrice defined â€Å"language dominance in terms of the amount of input the child receives†. [31]It has been pointed out by a number of researchers that mixing may be linked to the child’s speech environment. [32] The bilingual child might code mix because he hears his parents or other adults doing so. It has been argued the â€Å"best way to avoid bilingual mixing in children is to have each parent speak only one language to the child.† [33] Quay suggests, â€Å"linguistic input from adult interlocutors must be taken into account in discussions of children’s language choices.†[34] Conclusions It is clear that many factors are involved in simultaneous bilingual acquisition. The debate over whether these young children develop one or two language systems initially has yet to be satisfactorily resolved. As many researchers point out parental input may well prove to be of particular importance. Whether the child has one system or two and thus resembles a single monolingual child or two monolingual children, it is clear that their â€Å"ability to understand two languages may be comparable in each language to monolingual children’s.†[35] Bernardini, P and Schlyter, S (2004) Growing syntactic structure and code-mixing in the weaker language: The Ivy hypothesis. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 7, 49-70 Clark, E (1987) The principle of contrast: a constraint on language acquisition. In B. MacWhinney (ed.) Mechanisms of Language Acquisition. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Genesee, F (1989) Early bilingual development: one language or two? Journal of Child Language 16, 161-179 Genesee, F. Nicoladis, E Paradis, J (1995) Language differentiation in early bilingual development. Journal of Child language 22, 611-630 Grosjean, F (1982) Life with two languages: an introduction to bilingualism. Cambridge MA: Harvard Uni press Lanza, E. (1992) Can bilingual two-year-olds code-switch? Journal of Child language 19, 633-657 Lindholm, K and Padilla, A (1978) Child bilingualism: report on language mixing, switching and translations. Linguistics 211, 23-44 Paradis, J. and Genesee, F. (1996). ‘Syntactic acquisition in bilingual children: autonomous orinterdependent?’ Studies in Second Language Acquisition 18: 1-25. Pearson, B, Fernandez, S and Oller, D 1993. Lexical development in bilingual infants and toddlers: comparison to Monolingual norms. Language Learning 43:1, 93-120 Pearson, B, Fernandez, S and Oller, D 1995. Cross-language synonyms in the lexicons of bilingual infants: One language or two? Journal of Child Language 22, 345-368 Pearson, B. Fernandez, S. Lewedeg, V Oller, K (1997). The relation of input factors to lexical learning by bilingual infants. Applied Psycholinguistics 18, 41-58 Peterson, J (1988) Word-internal code-switching constraints in a bilingual child’s grammar. Linguistics, 26, 479-493 Quay, S (1995) The bilingual lexicon: implications for studies of language choice. Journal of Child Language 22, 369-387 Radford, A (2005) Children’s English: Principles-and-Parameters Perspectives. University of Essex. Serratrice, L. Referential cohesion in the narratives of bilingual English-Italian children and monolingual peers. Journal of Pragmatics 39 (2007) 1058–1087 1083 Vihman, M. (1985) Language differentiation by the bilingual infant. Journal of Child Language 12, 297-324 Volterra, T and Taeschner, T (1978) The acquisition and development of language by bilingual children. Journal of Child Language 5, 311-326 1 Footnotes [1] Lanza (1992:634) [2] Pearson et al (1993:112) [3] Genesee (1989) [4] Volterra and Taeschner (1978) [5] Vihman (1985:316) [6] Lindholm and Padilla (1978) [7] Vihman (1985:317) [8] Genesee (1989:174) [9] Paradis and Genesee (1996). [10] Quay (1995:385) [11] Quay (1995:382) [12] Quay (1995:383) [13] Radford (2005) [14] Pearson et al (1993:95) [15] Pearson et al (1995:348) [16] Radford (2005) [17] Genesee et al (1995) [18] Genesee (1989:165) [19] Volterra and Taeschner (1978) [20] Vihman (1985) [21] Vihman (1985) [22] Lanza (1992:654) [23] Volterra and Taeschner (1978) [24] Lindholm and Padilla (1978) [25] Peterson (1988) [26] Bernardini and Schlyter (2004:49) [27] Pearson et al (1995:346) [28] Clark (1987) [29] Quay (1995:369) [30] Grosjean (1982) [31] Serratrice (2007) [32] Genesee (1989) [33] Genesee (1989:170) [34] Quay (1995:383) [35] Pearson et al (1993:113)

The Different Development of the New England, Southern, and Middle Colo

The Different Development of the New England, Southern, and Middle Colonies America was a place for dreams and new beginnings, until white people arrived in 1607. Three groups sailed over the treacherous Atlantic from their cruel lives in England to set up peaceful religious colonies. The only problem is that they attempted to settle in their own way and all failed dismally. The New England, Middle and Southern Colonies grew differently over the period 1619-1760.Examining the three sets of colonies will prove that they were all different: socially, economically, politically but not philosophically. Socially the three groups of colonies developed differently. The New England Colonies life was dominated by the Puritan religion. There was strict observation of the Sabbath, people dressed in somber clothing, Christmas and birthdays were not celebrated and religious tolerance was not practiced. People supported each other to create a one-class system: middle class, a homogenous background. In the Middle Colonies the cosmopolitan population celebrated for any reason, wore the latest European Fashions and practiced religious toleration. They had a two-class system of upper class landowners and middle class professionals living in large cities. In the Southern Colonies the plantations and cosmopolitan environment dominated social life. The Southern Colonies had a strict three class system: upper class rich plantation owners, middle class small plantation owners, lower class ...

How Do William Golding and Williams Shakespeare Present Disturbed Characters?

How do William Golding and William Shakespeare present disturbed characters? In Lord of the Flies Golding presents disturbed characters as savage and blood-thirsty. After his own experience in world war two, he seems to believe everybody has a savage personality and thriving which is brought out through an extreme situation. Golding uses the technique of evoking emotion from the reader through the use of innocent children committing unthinkable actions. He conveys his views through the ever growing savage characters of Jack and Roger, whereas Shakespeare presents Lady Macbeth as a mentally disturbed character consumed with an obsession of becoming a part of the hierarchy within society. In the first chapter of Lord of the Flies Golding uses the Island as an allegorical object, presenting the general overview of society and civilisation. The Island can be represented as the Garden of Eden; an innate place of perfection to be undisturbed and civil. It seems to be an idyllic place for some time with rules and order throughout, this is up until it is corrupted and nature is changed by the boys’ savage intentions. This relates to biblical themes of the Garden of Eden once corrupted by mankind (Adam & Eve). We also see a use of pathetic fallacy, the Island in this sense is more important than anything, it foreshadows the events which are beginning to unfold. Throughout both pieces of Literature Shakespeare and Golding use religious beliefs and values; in Macbeth the uses of supernatural creatures like the witches represent a devil like figure. The strong Christian themes in the play and during Elizabethan times made them even more evil, Shakespeare conveys Lady Macbeth as the total opposite of what a women ‘should be’. She knows as a female she is limited because of her gender, she asked to be filled with cruelty which is ironic because she created the plan to kill the King. This point is significant in the quote â€Å"unsex me here†. Similarly you could argue the ‘beast’ brought to the attention of the boys by a ‘littlun’ is equally as important. Simon proposes the beast is only the boys imagination itself, although they laugh off his idea, Simon is central to the novel; he links to Golding’s point of innate human evil which exists. He is the first boy to acknowledge that the ‘beast’ is an external force of human nature. Lady Macbeth is first introduced to us as Macbeth’s loving wife, she seems thrilled to hear of her husband’s progression in social status. Her first reaction is to concoct a plan to kill the king; we are equally as shocked as Macbeth when she â€Å"pours her spirits in thine ear†. This leads us to believe she is a somewhat calculating character. Lady Macbeth then begins to develop into manipulating Macbeth, she uses blackmail such as â€Å"break this enterprise to me? † she weakens Macbeth â€Å"you were a man† implies she does not think of him as being worthy to be called a man. To some extent Lady Macbeth is to blame, as soon as she hears of Macbeth’s news her character is blinded by ambition. Similarly the three witches give Macbeth prophesies leading to the evil plan which is soon presented. The first significant change in their relationship comes when she creates a description of juxtaposition, turning a pure and natural thing into a horrific image; saying she would have â€Å"dash’d the brains out† of their unborn child. Using this hypothetic situation Macbeth is beginning to consider the consequences, she uses pronouns ‘you and I’ implying they are equally as involved and together through all of it. Golding presents the character of Jack as a developing character of savagery throughout the novel. He compares the deterioration of Jack’s civilized and well brought up mind with his lust and instinct to hunt. This is shown when the boys try and outline order on ‘their’ island. Jacks reaction to this is aggressive and intolerant- â€Å"bollocks to the rules! We’re strong- we hunt! †. Here we see that he seems manipulative towards the other characters trying to control them into following him as the leader. When the group of boys head up the mountain our perception as to Jack’s cruelty is further developed. This is shown when Jack is seen to â€Å"snatch the glasses from Piggy’s face†; â€Å"His specs- use them as burning glasses†. Golding uses this cruel streak in Jack so the reader feels sympathetic to lesser characters such as Piggy. The deterioration of civilization on the island first begins with the breaking of the conch, in the novel the conch symbolises rules, like a school bell when the noise sounds it enforces a sense of regulation and order. Secondly the fire symbolises a feeling of hope, it is the one thing that could save them and mean rescue. Contrastingly it represents destruction and corruption, it destroys the idyllic feel of the island first presented to us by Golding. Identity is a main theme in both Lord of the flies and Macbeth, Golding uses the technique of theriomorphism to give Jack animalistic qualities. For example Golding says â€Å"he passed his tongue across his dry lips and scanned the uncommunicative forest† conveying Jack as a primitive character. In other words Golding is beginning to show Jack’s impulsive and has a compulsion to kill, giving the reader an impression of his savage streak emerging. He also uses the word â€Å"uncommunicative† which literally is telling the reader the island is abandoned but foreshadows what is to come. This is an effective word choice because it gives an insight to the communication which causes their downfall. Our understanding of what is to come differs from the previous text ‘Coral Island’ the wildness of the surroundings influences changes in characters such as Jack to take natural animalistic instincts; contradicting the theme of ‘happy endings’ as conveyed in Coral Island. A link between both Lord of the Flies and Macbeth is that both involve a sense of changing identity and deterioration of characters. During Elizabethan times when Shakespeare wrote Macbeth, the ‘social-scale’ of class and stature was called the ‘divine right of kings’. External factors of society such as religion and the threat of war makes the actions of a simple Elizabethan wife seem unthinkable. From the beginning of the play onwards, the relationship of Macbeth and his wife is one of equality. Straight away we are aware that Lady Macbeth is highly respected by her husband; â€Å"my dearest partner of greatness† is how he addresses her in the letter. A change of identity is suggested to Macbeth, Lady Macbeth says â€Å"Your hand, your tongue: look like the innocent flower But be the serpent under’t† She is controlling him, telling him to convey a normal front yet be the killer you know you are beneath. Contrastingly Jack uses paint to cover his face in Lord of the Flies, this is a primitive, tribal act in which he can cover his identity and be the hunter he insists upon. As we come to the final scenes of the play, not only can we see a mental deterioration but Shakespeare’s use of iambic pentameter conveying her as physically and mentally disturbed. During such times ‘mental illness’ was not understood and looked upon as being ‘mad’. In act 3 scene 4 she has changed completely, a doctor and gentle-women observe her as she has clearly become mentally out of control. Lady Macbeth even imagines herself with hands covered with blood, there is a stream of guilt as she shows her fragmented speech reflecting her thoughts and soliloquy â€Å"out, damned spot! I say! †